How Women Rank in Traditional Female Jobs

How Women Rank in Traditional Female Jobs ​Stereotypes hold true when it comes to the jobs that most women work. Asked to name the traditional careers typically pursued by women, most of us could easily come up with the jobs that employ the most women. Secretaries, nurses, and teachers top the list. Together, these three occupations provide jobs for around 12 percent of all working women. Women in the Workforce Working women are a sizable chunk of the population. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, 70 million women age 16 and over were employed in 2016 in both full- and part-time jobs. Thats nearly 60 percent of the female population. In management, women are making great strides, accounting for nearly 40 percent of managers in the labor force. And yet, in 2014 it was reported that 4.8 percent of all women made an hourly rate at or below the federal minimum wage. Thats almost 1.9 million women. According to the 2015 Women in the Labor Force: A Databook, 5.3 percent of women who are employed work more than one job and 5.3 percent were self-employed. Compare this to 4.5 percent of men with multiple jobs and 7.4 percent who are self-employed. Traditional Occupations of Working Women Looking at the  top ten occupations that employ the most women, together they provide jobs for around 28% of the female workforce.   The following table shows what those occupations are according to a 2008 report and with the updated 2016 statistics for comparison. One thing you might find surprising is the wage gap found in these traditionally female jobs. The average weekly salary earned by women continues to fall behind that of their male colleagues. Occupation 2016 Total Women Employed 2016 % Women Workers 2008 % Women Workers 2016 Average Weekly Salary Secretaries Administrative Assistants 2,595,000 94.6% 96.1% $708(men earn $831) Registered Nurses 2,791,000 90.0% 91.7% $1,143(men earn $1261) Teachers - Elementary Middle School 2,231,000 78.5% 81.2% $981(men earn $1126) Cashiers 2,386,000 73.2% 75.5% $403(men earn $475) Retail Salespersons 1,603,000 48.4% 52.2% $514(men earn $730) Nursing, Psychatric, Home Health Aides 1,813,000 88.1% 88.7% $498 (men earn $534) First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 1,447,000 44.1% 43.4% $630(men earn $857) Wait Staff ( waitresses) 1,459,000 70.0% 73.2% $441(men earn $504) Receptionists Information Clerks 1,199,000 90.1% 93.6% $581(men earn$600) Bookkeeping, Accounting Auditing Clerks 1,006,000 88.5% 91.4% $716(men earn $790) What Does the Future Hold? The change in the demographics of Americas labor force is changing slowly, but according to the U.S. Department of Labor, its significant. It is projected that we will see a slowdown in growth and at the same time women will continue to make gains.   In the 2002 report A Century of Change: The U.S. Labor Force, 1950-2050,   the Department of Labor notes that women have increased their numbers at an extremely rapid pace in the past 50 years. It anticipates that growth to slow down from the 2.6 percent seen from 1950 to 2000 to 0.7 percent from 2000 to 2050. While that report projects women making up 48 percent of the workforce in 2050, in 2016 were sitting at 46.9 percent. If women continue to progress at even the projected 0.7 percent rate, we will have topped that 48 percent by 2020, 30 years earlier than projected just 16 years prior. The future for working women looks bright and the prospects reach far beyond the traditional jobs for women. Source Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. 2016. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex. 2016.  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.20 Leading Occupations of Employed Women: 2008 Annual Averages. 2009. Womens Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor.

What factors do designers and programmers need to take into account in Essay

What factors do designers and programmers need to take into account in other to make web pages as user friendly as possible Examine ways that we page designers can ease decisions making by users - Essay Example Other than getting business exposure and attracting customers, a professional website also provides a lot of other valuable benefits to any business or a company. Some of these benefits include increased business credibility, increased volume of sales through attracting more customers, enabling a business to reach international market, improved and efficient customer service through online forums, and reduced business activity’s operating cost. Talking about websites and their importance in the world of businesses, let’s get to know why user-friendly websites are more popular among users and the customers and how do they prove to be beneficial for the companies. The main reason for developing user-friendly websites is ease of interaction between the website and its users. If a company makes a website which is very heavy or complex in nature, it will not only waste precious time of the users but will also result in less productivity for the company. It is because customers are the main source of productivity for any company and if the customers do not get attracted towards a company, it can never achieve its desired goals and objectives. So it is very important for a company to be customer oriented. If a company does an online business, it should create such a website for product marketing which should be able to attract customers. And this goal can only be achieved through creating a user-friendly website. There are a lot of factors and issues which should be considered while planning to create a user-friendly website. These factors include appearance of a website, navigation and controls, access to pages, layout and design, and download speed. If anyone of these factors is sidelined during the process of website development, the basic goal of creating a user-friendly website can never be achieved. Appearance is one of the most important factors to be considered while

High-Risk Nutritional Practices Paper First Draft Essay

High-Risk Nutritional Practices Paper First Draft - Essay Example de the lack of constant exercising, proper hydration, and continuous cleanliness, as well as participation in general medical checkups and examination. In this regard, there are a host of factors that inevitably result in the lack of or limitation of access to proper nutritional value and health. When delving into the aspect of culture and traditional affiliations, it is critical to note that a majority of cultural practices and/ traditions and essentially linked to the religious aspects of given social settings. Therefore, the need to be considerate of religious input with regard to cultural practices pertaining to nutritional intake and practice is vital (Grant, 1998). The paper will delve on the influences of cultural ideals and practices, on various populations’ dietary/ nutritional intake. Focus will be on the existing influential factors as well as co-relative factors founded on cultural perspectives and practices. This will encompass prevailing historical belief systems and inclusive practices portrayed, with each culture being explored further in terms of such high-risk behaviors. Within European contexts, the U.S. is often regarded as the ‘melting pot’ of all cultures, religions and ways of life. As Kittler and Sucher (1999) portray, this is best represented by the diversity portrayed and subsequently experienced in the daily life of American citizens, eventually affecting critical aspects such as socialization, nutritional value intake, political affiliations and ideological perspectives. Looking at high-risk nutritional behaviors, it is worthwhile to note that other aspects of socializations i.e. family/ gender roles, age-group category/ bracket, spiritual beliefs, education, health care practices, physical activities, drug and substance abuse, cultural practices and traditions amongst others, fundamentally influence the nutritional behaviors present within different social contexts. In terms of cultural diversity, the U.S. is uniquely

Leadership Approach Essay Example for Free

Leadership Approach Essay Identify and discuss the six trait characteristics in the trait approach to leadership. If one does not have these traits, can he or she still be a leader? Explain your position Six traits characteristics of leadership are as identified by Mann(1959) study of leadership and small groups are as followed, intelligence, masculinity, adjustment, dominance, extraversion, and conservatism. There is many traits to leaders from numerous studies, but the focal point of those studies seem to lay with integrity, intelligence, self-confidence, sociability and are defined below. (Northouse, 2010) Integrity- Honesty, trustworthiness, and quality all traits of integrity give an employee a sense of trust and take responsibility for their actions. Self-confidence- Self-esteem and self-assurance and belief in ones competencies and skills have ability to make an impact. Sociability- Is a leader’s inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships, friendly, outgoing, courteous, tactful and diplomatic. Determination- Determination and desire to get the job done initiative, persistence, dominance, and drive are all key characteristics. Overall when it comes to being a leader you don’t have to have a title to be a leader, as we all have probably been involved with people in leadership positions that are everything but a leader. I think that leaders are molded by their experience, environment and exposure to good and bad leaders and from leadership traits from above. I feel that if you don’t have any of the traits of being a leader you will struggle to be one, but I believe everyone has the traits of being a leader, you just have to dig inside and find that leader inside you. References Northouse, P. G. (2010). Leadership Theory And Practice / Fifth Edition. Los Angles: Sage Publication.

The Poisoning of Our Ozone Layer :: essays research papers

The Poisoning of Our Ozone Layer The poisoning of the Earth’s ozone layer is increasingly attracting worldwide concern for the global environment and the health effects of life on the Planet Earth. There is not just one particular cause for the ozone’s depletion; the accumulation of different pollutants into our ozone layer has all added up and equaled a worldwide problem. There is not just one effect from the poisoning of the ozone, but instead multiple ramifications from diseases to death. The damage to the ozone is increasing with every second; moreover, there are many ways we can help reduce the problem and preserve the ozone layer. Ozone is a pale blue gaseous form of oxygen, in chemical form it is also known as O3. Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on its location in the Earth’s atmosphere. If the ozone is located in the troposphere (which extends from the surface of the Earth up to approxiametly10 miles) it is a harmful pollutant and a major component in smog and other environmental health problems. Such tropospheric ozone can damage plastic, rubber, plant and animal tissue. Ozone located approximately 10-25 miles above the Earth’s surface, in a part of the Earth’s atmosphere called the stratosphere is very beneficial. The ozone is a major factor that makes life possible on Earth. About 90% of the planet’s ozone is in the ozone layer. Ozone in this layer shields and filters out the Earth from 95-99 percent the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. A low level of ozone does not protect or prevent the sun’s ultraviolet rays from reaching the surface of the Earth, therefore, overexposing life on Earth causing many diseases. The depletion of the ozone is caused by many factors, but the one cause that will be elaborated on in the next paragraph is the main reason our ozone is continuously being poisoned. The major cause in the depletion of the Earth’s ozone layer is because of the release of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons also known as CFCs, are industrially produced chemical compounds that contain the elements chlorine, fluorine, carbon, and sometimes hydrogen that will break down the protective ozone in the atmosphere. Since CFCs are heavier than air, the process of CFCs reaching the ozone will generally take from two to five years to get into the stratosphere. When CFCs reach the stratosphere, the sun’s ultraviolet radiation cause them to break apart.

Herzog and de Meuron-Caixa Forum

Forum Madrid implements a new concept in social and cultural centres, offering a comprehensive and innovative programme that enhances the integrating capacity of culture and its importance for people’s communication and well-being. Part of that being the combination of old and new form. The visibility of the Tate Modern(a power station turned into a museum) led the director of the Caixa Foundation, Luis Monreal, to commission Herzog & de Meuron for the renovation that emerges as a live space opening its doors to the public.The la Caixa Foundacion wanted the CaixaForum Madrid to be a living centre that opens its doors on the Paseo del Prado to place itself at the service of citizens. Within the la Caixa’s cultural initiatives, the CaixaForums provide permanent building venues where some of their cultural activities such as exhibitions of ancient, modern and contemporary art, music and poetry festivals, multimedia art, debates on contemporary issues, social seminars, educ ational and family-oriented workshops may be housed, as well as their ongoing and, typically, permanent exhibits.Knowledge is promoted and personal growth enhanced for citizens of all ages. Though the building’s exterior performs sculpturally, the programmatic desire is to be an experiential system. Along with the cultural operation and importance to the program, the experience of the space is carried through in how it affects the senses. Each program perfoms differently, playing with materials, shapes, and lights. Pleated and welded steel continues from the lobby ceiling and wraps up through the entrance staircase that leads the people into the building through the pattern and re? ection.The lobby walls are made of concrete, but the lights mimic the pattern of the staircase pulling one in and enlarging the space. The foyer and auditorium are covered by a deploye type expanded sheet metal mesh, creating an undulating, dynamic structure. Being underground, this opens the space and lifts the feeling of con? nement. The ? oors of the foyer and auditorium are laid with American oak making an inviting environment. The art gallery ? oors are a continuous white terrazzo paving, made from powdered marble, cement, resin and ? bres lighting the space and making it continous, making visitors more drawn in.The main stairs are a continous ruled surface that invites occupiers through. The lower ? oor of the new expansion acts as a transition that is labyrinthe-like in the material movement and change that pulls one up into the upper ? oor. The upper ? oor consists of the irregular, perforated cast iron panels that coincidewith the glass surfaces create a sort of release from the rest of the building, allowing views across the roofscapes of Madrid. CaixaForum Main Gallery- 4 CaixaForum- 3 Smaller exhibition halls – 6 Chidren’s workshop- 5 8 CaixaForum Madrid 06 05

How Did the French Revolution Lead to the Unification of Germany and Italy Creative Writing

How Did the French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Lead to the Unification of Germany and Italy in the 19th Century? The fall of the Roman Empire resulted in the creation of smaller independent city-states in Italy and elsewhere, followed by the rise of nation states. Napoleon III united much of Europe under his rule. As that broke down, other European powers, especially Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, France and Prussia strove for control of the Empire While the larger nations fought against each other for control; internal groups in Italy and Germany other groups worked for an independent, united country with a constitution inspired by the French Revolutionary model. In Italy the Carbonari, or coal-burners, were an early 19th century secret organization formed in southern Italy. Drawing their inspiration from the French Revolution, they were one of the most influential Italian unification groups. Early in his career, Napoleon III had fought on the side of the Carbonari for Italian unification. Later the group condemned him to death for failing; they almost succeeded in 1858. Other groups and individuals worked towards Italian unification many more overtly. Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi were prominent figures as were the more conservative monarchic Count Cavour and Victor Emmanuel II who later became the first King of the United Italy. Germany in the 19th Century was also under the sway of the Austrian Empire. The German princes sought unification with Prussia to consolidate Germany as a unified and defensible entity separate from Austria.   In 1866, Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke stated that the war of 1866 was fought because â€Å"Austria had exhausted her strength in conquests south of the Alps, and left the western German provinces unprotected, instead of following the road pointed out by the Danube. Its center of gravity lay out of Germany; Prussia’s lay within it. Prussia felt itself called upon and strong enough to assume the leadership of the German races.†Ã‚   Wilhelm, King of Prussia assumed the throne and accepted the German imperial title on January 18, 1871. References Halsall, Paul. Modern History Sourcebook: Documents of German Unification, 1848-1971. Fordham University. July 1998. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/germanunification.asp (accessed 02 02, 2012). Modern History Sourcebook: Documents of Italian Unification, 1846 -16. Fordham University. May 1998. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1861italianunif.asp (accessed 02 2, 2012). Modern History Sourcebook: King Victor Emmanuel: Address to Parliment, Rome, 1871. Fordham University. 1998. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1871victoremm.asp (accessed 02 02, 2012). Modern History Sourcebook: Max Schneckenburger: The Watch on The Rhine, 1870. Fordham University. November 1998. http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/1870wachtrhein.asp (accessed 02 02, 2012). The Austrian Constitution of 1867. Fundamental Law Concerning the General Rights of Citizens. Michigan State University. http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~habsweb/sourcetexts/auscon.htm (accessed 02 02, 2012).